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The gesture is quite straight forward, you can delete the last entered number by swiping from left to right or right to left across the display in the Calculator app.
You may have noticed from the video that the swipe gesture may not work the first time, but should work in the 2nd or 3rd attempt.
I must admit that it is a little embarrassing when you come across an iOS trick that has been around for a very long time that I didn’t know about.